ÔÚÈ«Çò¹æÄ£ÄÚ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ñ¬È¾ÐÔ¼²²¡µÄ·¢²¡ÂʺÍéæÃüÂÊÒ»Ö±¾Ó¸ß²»Ï¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£Í¬Ê±£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ëæ×Å¿¹ÉúËØµÄÆÕ±éʹÓ㬣¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÄÍÒ©ÐÔÎÊÌâÒ²ÈÕÒæÑÏÖØ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ê¹µÃ²¿·ÖѬȾÐÔ¼²²¡µÄÖÎÁƱäµÃÔ½·¢ÄÑÌâ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£Í¨¹ýÌá¸ßÕï¶ÏµÄ׼ȷÐÔºÍЧÂÊ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¸üºÃµØÓ¦¶ÔÕâЩ¼²²¡£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ïÔÌÆä¶ÔÈËÀ࿵½¡ºÍÉç»áÎȹ̵ÄÓ°Ïì¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ѬȾÐÔ¼²²¡¾ßÓжàÑùÐÔºÍÖØ´óÐÔ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬²î±ðѬȾÀàÐ͵IJ¡ÔÆ×±£´æ½Ï´ó²î±ð£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ê¹µÃÁÙ´²ÕïÁƱäµÃ¸üΪÄÑÌâ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£±¾´ÎÐÂÍÆ³öµÄ¡°500+¡±²¡ÔÌå°ÐÏò¼ì²â²úÆ·Ö¼ÔÚ½â¾öÕâÒ»ÁÙ´²Í´µã£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Í¨¹ýÀ©´ó²¡Ô¼ì²â¹æÄ££¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¸ü¸ßЧÆÕ±éµØÁýÕÖ¶àÖÖѬȾÀàÐÍ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ìá¸ßÁÙ´²ÕïÁÆÐ§ÂÊ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
вúÆ·5´óÁÁµã
01
²¡Ô¼ì²â¹æÄ£¹ã
ÖÜÈ«¼æ¹Ë¶àÖÖÁÙ´²Ó¦Óó¡¾°


вúÆ·ÍŽáÁËѬȾÁìÓòרҵÊé¼®¡¢¶à¸öѬȾ¼²²¡ÕïÁÆÖ¸ÄÏ¡¢Öйú¼²²¡Ô¤·À¿ØÖÆÖÐÐĽü11ÄêÊ¢Ðв¡Ñ§Êý¾Ý£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÒÔ¼°2121·Ç·²¹ýÍòÀýÍâµØ¼ì²âÑù±¾Ð§¹û£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÔÚÁýÕÖÉÏ¡¢ÏºôÎüµÀѬȾ²¡ÔµÄͬʱ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¼æ¹Ë¶àÖÖÆäËûѬȾÀàÐ͵IJ¡ÔÆ×£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¸üºÃµØÖ§³Ö¶àÖÖѬȾÀàÐ͵IJ¡Ô¼ì²â¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
02
ÄÍÒ©»ùÒò¡¢ÄÍÒ©Í»±ä¼ì²â¹æÄ£Éý¼¶
ϯ¾í¶¾Á¦»ùÒò¼ì²â

ÄÍÒ©»ùÒò¼ì²â¹æÄ£Éý¼¶£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÖÜÈ«ÁýÕÖCLSI M100ÎļþÖн¨Òé·Ö×Ó¼ì²âµÄ»ùÒò£»£»£»£»£»
ÄÍÒ©Í»±ä¼ì²â¹æÄ£Éý¼¶£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÖصãÁýÕÖ½áºË·ÖÖ¦¸Ë¾úrpoB»ùÒòÒªº¦ÇøÓò£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬·ÎÑ×Ö§ÔÌå¡¢°ÙÈÕ¿ÈÄÍÒ©Í»±ä£»£»£»£»£»Í¬Ê±¼ÓÈ벿·ÖÁÙ´²ÒâÒå½ÏÃ÷È·µÄÕæ¾úºÍ²¡¶¾µÄÄÍÒ©Í»±ä¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ϯ¾í¶¾Á¦»ùÒò¼ì²â£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÁýÕÖÁÙ´²ÖØµã¹Ø×¢²¡Ô£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Èç¸ß¶¾Á¦·ÎÑ׿ËÀײ®¾ú¡¢½ð»ÆÉ«ÆÏÌÑÇò¾úµÈ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
03
ҽѧ֪ʶ¿âÖÜȫ֧³Ö±¨¸æ½â¶Á
¸üºÃµØ¸¨ÖúÁÙ´²ÕïÁÆ

ҽѧ֪ʶ¿âÁýÕÖ²¡Ô¡¢ÄÍÒ©»ùÒò¼°Í»±ä¡¢¶¾Á¦»ùÒò¡¢Ò©ÎïºÍ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÊÕ¼ÁÙ´²Î¢ÉúÎïרҵÊé¼®¡¢¼²²¡ÕïÁÆÖ¸ÄÏÄÚÈݼ°½¹µãÆÚ¿¯ÎÄÏ×±¨µÀ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÖÜȫ֧³Öÿһ·ÝÁÙ´²±¨¸æµÄ½â¶Á¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
04
×ÔÑ㬶àÖØPCR¼ì²âϵͳ
ÐÔÄÜÌåÏÖÓÅÒì

ÐÔÄÜÑéÖ¤ÆÕ±éÁýÕÖ¶àÖÖÀàÐͲ¡Ô£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬°üÀ¨¸ïÀ¼ÊÏÑôÐÔ¾ú¡¢¸ïÀ¼ÊÏÒõÐÔ¾ú¡¢Õæ¾ú¡¢DNA²¡¶¾¡¢RNA²¡¶¾£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬½¹µã²¡Ô¼ì²âÏÞ¿ÉÖÁ50-500 copies/mL¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
05
×Ô¶¯»¯×°±¸+¹ú²ú¶þ´ú²âÐòƽ̨
´òÔìÖÇÄÜ»¯µÄÕûÌå½â¾ö¼Æ»®

ÓÉ×Ô¶¯»¯¼ì²â×°±¸£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬´îÅä¹ú²ú¶þ´ú²âÐòƽ̨ºÍÖÇÄܱ¨¸æÏµÍ³×é³ÉµÄÕûÌå½â¾ö¼Æ»®£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¿ÉʵÏÖÈ«Á÷³ÌÊý¾ÝÏßÉÏ»¯¹ÜÀí£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¼ì²â±¨¸æÒ»¼üÌìÉúµÈ¹¦Ð§¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
2121·Ç·²Ñ¬È¾ÐÔ¼²²¡ÖÐÐÄ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÒÔÁÙ´²Ñ¬È¾¼²²¡ÐèÇóΪµ¼Ïò£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÍŽáÐÎ̬ѧ¡¢Î¢ÉúÎï×÷Óý¡¢¸ßͨÁ¿²âÐòµÈ¶àƽ̨£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Í¨¹ýÒ»Á¬µÄÊÖÒÕÑз¢ºÍµü´ú¡¢·þÎñÕûºÏ¡¢²úÆ·Éý¼¶£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÎªÁÙ´²Ò½ÉúÌṩÖÜÈ«µÄ×ÛºÏÕï¶Ï¼ì²â·þÎñ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
1. The top 10 causes of death. WHO 2020.
2. Antimicrobial resistance. WHO 2023.
3. Karen C. Carroll, Michael A. Pfaller. ¡¶ÁÙ´²Î¢ÉúÎïѧÊֲᡷ[M]. µÚ12°æ. Íõ»ÔµÈÒë. ±±¾©£ºÖлªÒ½Ñ§µç×ÓÒôÏñ³öÊéÉ磬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬2021.
4. Dennis L. Kasper, Anthony S. Fauci. ¡¶¹þÀïÉѬȾ²¡Ñ§¡·[M]. Ó¢ÎĵÚ3°æ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÖÐÎĵÚ1°æ. ºú±Ø½ÜµÈÒë. ÉϺ££ºÉϺ£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿ÆÑ§ÊÖÒÕ³öÊéÉ磬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬2019.